Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

Central Unit:
Central Processing Unit: CPU
Control Unit: Arithmetic Logic Unit
Ram: Random Access Memory
Leve 1 - Level 2 --- progress
Sprite, Coins, Data, Health
External Memory

Is an Electric Pulse Signal

Signal or No Signal

0 = no signal (off)

1 = signal (on)

0 & 1 are bits --> 8 bits to a byte which is the basic unit of memory

bytes kilobytes megabytes gigabytes

each key is a character, combination of 0's and 1's

punch cards holes to first computers communicate simple assembly languages: and or jmp add sub

high-level languages: java, c, c++, c sharp, python

ascii

source code

object code

binary code/language

m/c code/language

systems program: compiler and interpreter

turtle

fd 100 rt 90 etc

converts and executes instruction after instruction

systems program

Input:

• Microphone
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Camera
• Scanner

Output:

• Printer
• Monitor
• Speaker
• Radio
• Projector

Both Input and Output:

• Modems
• Touch Screen Headset
• Fax
• USB

Input:                   Output:

Keyboard             Monitor

Scanner                Speaker

Microphone         Printer

Camera

Input/Output:
touch screen
fax
USB : Universal Serial Bus



Components of Contral Unit:
RAM: Random Access Memory
is a place in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs, and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly accessed by the device's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than other kinds of storage in a computer such as hard disc drive, (HDD). Data remains in RAM as long as the computer is running, if the computer is turned off, RAM loses its data. When the computer is turned on again, parts of OS and other files are once again loaded into RAM, hence RAM is called Volatile Memory.

CPU: Central Processing Unit
The two main components in CPU are the control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). ALU is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic operations and evaluate logical statements.

Control Unit
Circuitry component of a computer's CPU that directs the operation of the processor, Control Unit does resource management, it tells the computer's memory, ALU, and input output devices, I/O, to respond to the program's instructions. It reads instruction after instruction from memory and interprets and transforms them into a series of signals to activate other parts of the computer.

Systems Software and Application Software:
is any computer software which manages and controls computer hardware so that application software can perform a task. examples like Microsoft Windows, Linux ios. Application software are programs that enable the end-user to perform specific, productive tasks like word processing tasks, banking software, air traffic control program, Spotify, Snapchat, Minecraft, Chrome, i message, etc.